Abstract:
The stronger the propaganda of deception by Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), which refused to be sentenced to a pair of "brides" with international terrorism that continue to aggressively deterensi the world. There are some who think the deterency security policy of the war era has no relevance to photograph the phenomena of the ISIS struggle (in Syria and Iraq) using weapons instruments.
Meanwhile, the political objective of ISIS's struggle is to establish a territory of authority based on Al-Quran and as-Sunnah or to bring back to the khilafahan as carried by HTI. The resonance of an ideological coup with a geopolitically armed way has already penetrated the Asian region of Merawai, the Philippines.
In fact, there is no stopping of this point, various acts of terrorism continue to be radical adherents through its sleep cells in several target countries both in the West and even the largest Muslim-majority country such as Indonesia and Iran so that its political agenda is acceptable.
For radical terrorists, the victory of Islamic political movements can be achieved when they stand and fight on pure Islamic thought that is free of democratic, nationalistic, liberalism and socialism.
The question is whether there is a similarity of HTI movement and global terrorism in the context of deterency and how far does the Indonesian government adjust the deterency policy to protect national security?.
Globalization of Radicalism
Deterrence can formally be defined as the use of threat by a party to convince others to refrain from taking action (Huth, 1999, p.26). At an intuitive level, the logic of deterrence is quite simple, for example a bully solution in a school is to convince students that a particular school has a desire, strength and is prepared to take revenge if the student is disturbing the school.
The essence of the idea is to prevent the opponent from attacking for fear of retaliation. The absorption theory of deterrence in international relations developed in the era of cold war or the era of Bipolar is a country's security policy in defining the threat of a country's military power, such as the US (democracy / liberal) in stemming the threat of communism (Russia / RRT) to maximize the power distribution of its military, as well The opposite. But the end of the Cold War era, the debate occurred in political scientists in photographing terrorism with a religious background in the use of deterrence.
Meanwhile, seeing the theoretical idea of deterrence is how to prevent opponents from attacking for fear of retaliation, as ISIS's efforts to establish an Islamic state in Iraq and Syria would be important for them to take precautions or counter-action in the form of terror. If in the cold war era the instrument is the lobby approach of nuclear weapons and military force to suppress and prevent the seeping of ideology extension. But in the current era more fitting non-state actors who will build the power / radical Islam is terror, because it provides a deterrent effect against the country that carried out military attacks against it or for countries that do not provide political support for ideological struggle.
In the development of deterency studies that initially focused on the nature and form of direct military threats have shifted to utilities on the use of smaller deterrence strategies or no longer zero-sum games of great power but asymmetric warfare and literacy impacting security dilemmas that can raise the state's concerns May be attacked unexpectedly as did the forces of terrorism.
For some political scientists the threat of national security in the present-day perspective of deterency is deemed to be no longer suitable, since this theory is only pseudo science and when applied to the threat of terrorism some basic elements of their approach seem defective eg, the impossibility of using a strategy that depends on risk calculation when its enemy Regardless of the risks that are distributed through the power of terror.
This has affected quite a lot of post-Cold War countries neglecting the adjustment of their national security policies, including the United States, which first experienced a new wave of deterencies, the attacks of September 11, 2001, including Indonesia experienced the Bali Bomb I and II attacks in 2002. 202 209 people injured or injured, most of the victims were foreign tourists who were visiting the location that is a tourist attraction. This event is considered as the worst terrorist event in the history of Indonesia.
National Security Policy
Quite a lot of definitions conveyed by political scientists related to the study of terrorism, which evolved in different times and political spheres, but in turn the keyword of terrorism is the use of violence against civilians and launched by non-state actors to obtain certain political results. Radical understanding and ISIS is the unity of non-state actors who impose their will to be acknowledged existence.
Understood by means of counterattack to parties that are considered detrimental to short-term and long-term political interests both in the countries of some people who already recognize the concept of khilafah or national policy in countries that reject with the concept of understanding khilafahnya will experience deterrence.
In historical records have proven the occurrence of non-state actors sympathies and methods of terror in achieving political goals in the end they became rulers of political authority.
American in the mid-19th century and early 20th century experienced a political movement called anarchism at that time is very popular in Europe and North America. The ideology demands the dissolution of all forms of government and accuses that all parliamentary and bureaucratic leaders are exploitative and unjust. They use acts of violence and terror as a clear example to impose their political agenda. Terrorism is also used by Hitler and the revolutionary communists who have been strong after getting support through the spread of his ideology to commit a coup and followed by the killing of his political enemies.
Indonesia also felt the 30 September 1965 Movement which failed to stage a coup against the legitimate government, which also carried out the means of terror used by the power of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), which was negligent by the Indonesian government.
Learning from a number of historical experiences, it is very appropriate steps to adjust the national security policy of RI in looking at the future threats related issues radical Islamic ideology and method to achieve its political agenda. The starting point of the policy adaptation of a number of countries in deterrence for the adjustment of national security interests is reflected in Indonesia's participation in ratifying the International Convention for the Suppression of Financing of Terrorism, 1999 (International Convention on Combating Terrorism Financing, 1999).
On that basis, Indonesia is obliged to create or harmonize the legislation related to terrorism financing in accordance with the provisions set forth in the Convention with the issuance of Law No. 9/2013 on the Prevention and Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism Financing.
The spirit of the law invites all elements of society to take an active role to cooperate in combating the Crime of Terrorism which has the character of political purpose. The government's anticipation of the dynamics of the development of global terrorism and the incessant proganda of radical understanding, prompted the government to revise the Law on PTPT (Combating the Crime of Terrorism) in lieu of Law no. 15 of 2003, by incorporating several reform policies from various aspects of material criminal law and formal criminal law to prevent and counter terrorism deter- sion efforts physically and terrorism ideologically (thought / understand) which is more dangerous if the weak state in the face.
But there are some people in Indonesia who still ignore the threat of terrorism that total copy paste contain radical import contents such as HTI and mass-patterned organizations. On the other hand, the largest elements and Islamic mass organizations (NU and Muhammadiyah) have rejected the idea.
Therefore, the RI government's moment in dissolving and resisting the ideology of HTI or radically labeled mass organizations is very appropriate and needs to be supported by all parties by observing the development of deterensi adjustment in the context of national security policy. The obligation of the state is always present and not negligent in ensuring the safety of the citizens and their national interests above the interests of a handful of groups / groups that impose their ideological will against the constitution of the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila and the violation of international law which has become an agreement with the international community.
The outward spirit which is constantly echoed by HTI and Political Parties affiliated with its thinking including the method of terrorist movement is the strongest motto of any movement of thought unsupported by the political movement will inevitably have no significant effect.
Therefore, the people of Indonesia must support the policy of deterrence that has been done by the government of Indonesia to fight the extremist movement in the name of religion (WahabiTakfiri and WahabiKhawarij) and affiliation formation that try to control state and religious high institution like MUI which try to influence state and government policy Indonesia.
More widespread impact if it is allowed to drag on disturbing society with more massive acts of terror again, bringing grassroots conflict through the destruction of tradition, culture and religion of the archipelago that has been growing safely upholds the values of tolerance.
*) The author is a Graduate student and Community Studies Comparative Studies of Political Science.
COPYRIGHT © ANTARA News Megapolitan 2017
The stronger the propaganda of deception by Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), which refused to be sentenced to a pair of "brides" with international terrorism that continue to aggressively deterensi the world. There are some who think the deterency security policy of the war era has no relevance to photograph the phenomena of the ISIS struggle (in Syria and Iraq) using weapons instruments.
Meanwhile, the political objective of ISIS's struggle is to establish a territory of authority based on Al-Quran and as-Sunnah or to bring back to the khilafahan as carried by HTI. The resonance of an ideological coup with a geopolitically armed way has already penetrated the Asian region of Merawai, the Philippines.
In fact, there is no stopping of this point, various acts of terrorism continue to be radical adherents through its sleep cells in several target countries both in the West and even the largest Muslim-majority country such as Indonesia and Iran so that its political agenda is acceptable.
For radical terrorists, the victory of Islamic political movements can be achieved when they stand and fight on pure Islamic thought that is free of democratic, nationalistic, liberalism and socialism.
The question is whether there is a similarity of HTI movement and global terrorism in the context of deterency and how far does the Indonesian government adjust the deterency policy to protect national security?.
Globalization of Radicalism
Deterrence can formally be defined as the use of threat by a party to convince others to refrain from taking action (Huth, 1999, p.26). At an intuitive level, the logic of deterrence is quite simple, for example a bully solution in a school is to convince students that a particular school has a desire, strength and is prepared to take revenge if the student is disturbing the school.
The essence of the idea is to prevent the opponent from attacking for fear of retaliation. The absorption theory of deterrence in international relations developed in the era of cold war or the era of Bipolar is a country's security policy in defining the threat of a country's military power, such as the US (democracy / liberal) in stemming the threat of communism (Russia / RRT) to maximize the power distribution of its military, as well The opposite. But the end of the Cold War era, the debate occurred in political scientists in photographing terrorism with a religious background in the use of deterrence.
Meanwhile, seeing the theoretical idea of deterrence is how to prevent opponents from attacking for fear of retaliation, as ISIS's efforts to establish an Islamic state in Iraq and Syria would be important for them to take precautions or counter-action in the form of terror. If in the cold war era the instrument is the lobby approach of nuclear weapons and military force to suppress and prevent the seeping of ideology extension. But in the current era more fitting non-state actors who will build the power / radical Islam is terror, because it provides a deterrent effect against the country that carried out military attacks against it or for countries that do not provide political support for ideological struggle.
In the development of deterency studies that initially focused on the nature and form of direct military threats have shifted to utilities on the use of smaller deterrence strategies or no longer zero-sum games of great power but asymmetric warfare and literacy impacting security dilemmas that can raise the state's concerns May be attacked unexpectedly as did the forces of terrorism.
For some political scientists the threat of national security in the present-day perspective of deterency is deemed to be no longer suitable, since this theory is only pseudo science and when applied to the threat of terrorism some basic elements of their approach seem defective eg, the impossibility of using a strategy that depends on risk calculation when its enemy Regardless of the risks that are distributed through the power of terror.
This has affected quite a lot of post-Cold War countries neglecting the adjustment of their national security policies, including the United States, which first experienced a new wave of deterencies, the attacks of September 11, 2001, including Indonesia experienced the Bali Bomb I and II attacks in 2002. 202 209 people injured or injured, most of the victims were foreign tourists who were visiting the location that is a tourist attraction. This event is considered as the worst terrorist event in the history of Indonesia.
National Security Policy
Quite a lot of definitions conveyed by political scientists related to the study of terrorism, which evolved in different times and political spheres, but in turn the keyword of terrorism is the use of violence against civilians and launched by non-state actors to obtain certain political results. Radical understanding and ISIS is the unity of non-state actors who impose their will to be acknowledged existence.
Understood by means of counterattack to parties that are considered detrimental to short-term and long-term political interests both in the countries of some people who already recognize the concept of khilafah or national policy in countries that reject with the concept of understanding khilafahnya will experience deterrence.
In historical records have proven the occurrence of non-state actors sympathies and methods of terror in achieving political goals in the end they became rulers of political authority.
American in the mid-19th century and early 20th century experienced a political movement called anarchism at that time is very popular in Europe and North America. The ideology demands the dissolution of all forms of government and accuses that all parliamentary and bureaucratic leaders are exploitative and unjust. They use acts of violence and terror as a clear example to impose their political agenda. Terrorism is also used by Hitler and the revolutionary communists who have been strong after getting support through the spread of his ideology to commit a coup and followed by the killing of his political enemies.
Indonesia also felt the 30 September 1965 Movement which failed to stage a coup against the legitimate government, which also carried out the means of terror used by the power of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), which was negligent by the Indonesian government.
Learning from a number of historical experiences, it is very appropriate steps to adjust the national security policy of RI in looking at the future threats related issues radical Islamic ideology and method to achieve its political agenda. The starting point of the policy adaptation of a number of countries in deterrence for the adjustment of national security interests is reflected in Indonesia's participation in ratifying the International Convention for the Suppression of Financing of Terrorism, 1999 (International Convention on Combating Terrorism Financing, 1999).
On that basis, Indonesia is obliged to create or harmonize the legislation related to terrorism financing in accordance with the provisions set forth in the Convention with the issuance of Law No. 9/2013 on the Prevention and Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism Financing.
The spirit of the law invites all elements of society to take an active role to cooperate in combating the Crime of Terrorism which has the character of political purpose. The government's anticipation of the dynamics of the development of global terrorism and the incessant proganda of radical understanding, prompted the government to revise the Law on PTPT (Combating the Crime of Terrorism) in lieu of Law no. 15 of 2003, by incorporating several reform policies from various aspects of material criminal law and formal criminal law to prevent and counter terrorism deter- sion efforts physically and terrorism ideologically (thought / understand) which is more dangerous if the weak state in the face.
But there are some people in Indonesia who still ignore the threat of terrorism that total copy paste contain radical import contents such as HTI and mass-patterned organizations. On the other hand, the largest elements and Islamic mass organizations (NU and Muhammadiyah) have rejected the idea.
Therefore, the RI government's moment in dissolving and resisting the ideology of HTI or radically labeled mass organizations is very appropriate and needs to be supported by all parties by observing the development of deterensi adjustment in the context of national security policy. The obligation of the state is always present and not negligent in ensuring the safety of the citizens and their national interests above the interests of a handful of groups / groups that impose their ideological will against the constitution of the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila and the violation of international law which has become an agreement with the international community.
The outward spirit which is constantly echoed by HTI and Political Parties affiliated with its thinking including the method of terrorist movement is the strongest motto of any movement of thought unsupported by the political movement will inevitably have no significant effect.
Therefore, the people of Indonesia must support the policy of deterrence that has been done by the government of Indonesia to fight the extremist movement in the name of religion (WahabiTakfiri and WahabiKhawarij) and affiliation formation that try to control state and religious high institution like MUI which try to influence state and government policy Indonesia.
More widespread impact if it is allowed to drag on disturbing society with more massive acts of terror again, bringing grassroots conflict through the destruction of tradition, culture and religion of the archipelago that has been growing safely upholds the values of tolerance.
*) The author is a Graduate student and Community Studies Comparative Studies of Political Science.
Editor : M. Tohamaksun
COPYRIGHT © ANTARA News Megapolitan 2017